zhou nutrition l carnitine L-Carnitine Liquid L-Carnitine 3000: Metabolism &

Tohoku J Exp Med 241(1):6587

Read more Ingredients Dehydrated Chicken, Rice, Wholegrain Sorghum, Cellulose, Natural Chicken Flavour, Canola Oil, Poultry Tallow, Rice Hulls, Minerals (Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorous, Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, Iodine), Vitamins (A, B1, B2, Niacin, B5, B6, B7, B12, Beta-Carotene, C, D3, E, K, Folic Acid, Choline Chloride), Salt, Flaxseed, Fish Oil, Chicory Root Inulin, L-Threonine, Yeast Extract, Taurine, L-Carnitine, DL-Methionine, Pro'Age (Plant & Botanical Extracts [Rosemary, Turmeric, Clove, Grapefruit]), Natural Antioxidants (Mixed Tocopherols)

this step is needed because the inner mitochondrial membrane is not permeable to acylcarnitines

(1992): Antidepressant treatment prevents chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anhedonia as assessed by ventral tegmentum self-stimulation behavior in rats